Effects of upholstery materials on the burning behavior of real‐scale residential upholstered furniture mock‐ups

Fire spread and growth on real‐scale four cushion mock‐ups of residential upholstered furniture (RUF) were investigated with the goal of identifying whether changes in five classes of materials (barrier, flexible polyurethane foam, polyester fiber wrap, upholstery fabric, and sewing thread), referred to as factors, resulted in statistically significant changes in burning behavior. A fractional factorial experimental design plus practical considerations yielded a test matrix with 20 material combinations. Experiments were repeated a minimum of two times. Measurements included fire spread rates derived from video recordings and heat release rates (HRRs). A total of 13 experimental parameters (3 based on the videos and 10 on the HRR results), referred to as responses, characterized the measurements. Statistical analyses based on Main Effects Plots (main effects) and Block Plots (main effects and factor interactions) were used. The results showed that three of the factors resulted in statistically significant effects on varying numbers of the 13 responses. The Barrier and Fabric factors had the strongest main effects with roughly comparable magnitudes. Foam was statistically significant for fewer of the responses and its overall strength was weaker than for Barrier and Fabric. No statistically significant main effects were identified for Wrap or Thread. Multiple two‐term interactions between factors were identified as being statistically significant. The Barrier*Fabric interaction resulted in the highest number of and strongest statistically significant effects. The existence of two‐term interactions means that it will be necessary to consider their effects in approaches designed to predict the burning behavior of RUF.     

加氢反应器制造技术的新进展

随着加氢装置的大型化,对加氢反应器的设计、主体材质的选用及制造均提出了新的、更高的要求。文章较全面地介绍了国内外加氢反应器的设计准则、主体材质(抗氢钢)和制造技术等方面的新进展。     

对万家寨引黄北干线引水规模的思考

在总结引黄南干线建设经验和面临的营运问题的基础上，文中提出在确定北干线设计规模时，重点要处理好供水区水资源供需平衡与调水工程规模的关系；外调水与当地水资源的关系；长远规划指标与近期实施规模的关系；以及高水价对用水需求的抑制作用，进行全面分析，综合比较。     

面向对象的桌面应用框架层次模型

当前有一类加入了互联网络特色的桌面应用，如即时通和游戏等，正不断取得市场上的成功。针对这种桌面应用，从高层视角给出了一种面向对象的应用框架层次模型，以帮助这类应用的快速开发．模型分三层：管理层、主框层、大粒度GUI构件层。描述了各层的主要成分和责任，以及各层之间的关系，并在最后给出了一个实例。     

多跨简支曲线轨道折线梁桥空间振动分析模型

提出了一种多跨简支曲线轨道折线梁桥的空间振动分析模型,采用20自由度的梁段单元,可方便考虑T型梁横向与竖向弯曲、自由扭转、约束扭转等变形,选取正交流动坐标,建立了曲线轨道折线梁桥的动力特性矩阵,特别适用于曲线轨道折线梁桥与列车的空间振动分析。在实例研究中,计算了提速列车通过32m曲线轨道折线梁桥时的空间振动响应,并检算该桥是否具有足够的刚度及良好的运营平稳性,可供有关部门参考。     

威海市污水处理深海排放工程的设计

威海市污水处理深海排放工程是为改善其水域环境而建设的一英包括市区排水系统，污水预处理厂，输水管道和海洋放流管系统在内的完整而典型的工程，因此其工程设计扣的经验将会对同类项目的设计与工程建设有所借鉴。     

铁路桥梁横向振动模拟及适应快速行车结构型式的研究

针对铁路提速后出现的上承式简支钢板梁桥跨中横向振幅过大的问题,以羊楼司桥(L=32m单跨上承式简支钢板梁桥)为例进行实桥检测和数值模拟,建立车辆、线路、桥梁三者的联合模型,考虑轮轨接触力,应用MSC/DYTRAN大型结构分析程序进行车线桥动力相互作用的仿真分析。研究揭示我国用量最多的C62型货车以70∽80km/h的速度空载通过时,该跨度的钢板梁桥发生横向谐振的机理。此外,用该方法对32m跨长的组合梁结构进行桥梁动力特性及列车走行性分析,表明该结构满足提速货车和高速电动旅客列车走行的要求。研究结果对我国高速铁路桥梁建设和既有桥梁的改造具有积极意义。     

Fatigue Behavior and Retrofit Investigation of Distortion-Induced Web Gap Cracking

This paper studies a Kansas Department of Transportation welded plate girder bridge that developed fatigue cracks at small web gaps close to the girder top flange. Repair had been previously performed by softening the connection plate end with a slot retrofit, but cracks were recently found to have reinitiated at some of the repaired details and are again propagating. A comprehensive finite-element method study was performed to investigate the cracking behavior observed in the bridge and to recommend appropriate measures for future bridge retrofit. The analytical results show that stresses developed at the top flange web gaps could exceed yielding under the loading of an HS15 fatigue truck. The current slot repair used in the bridge was found to have introduced higher magnitude fatigue stresses in the web gap. To achieve a permanent repair of the bridge, it is recommended that a welded connection plate to flange attachment be used during future bridge retrofit. The web gap details should be able to withstand unlimited number of load cycles once this additional repair is performed.     

Describing metal surfaces and nanostructures with orbital-free density functional theory

Orbital-free density functional theory (OF-DFT) can be made to scale linearly with sample size, allowing thousands of atoms to be treated explicitly with quantum mechanics. State-of-the-art kinetic energy density functionals and ion–electron pseudopotentials are used to obtain accurate structural property predictions for nanoparticles, nanowires, extended surfaces, and nanoindentation of simple metals.     

复杂信息处理中因果关联模型的构建及主因判定算法

近来，诸如图形图像、音频视频等复杂类型信息的分析和处理，已日益受到各学科领域专家和学者的重视，文章首先介绍了复杂信息处理中因果关联模型的构建，然后给出了主因分析方法的构造和实现过程，并提出了具体的算法和实例检验。